Abnormal References on 10.1007/s00339-025-08626-4
Our recent investigation reveals that the article [1] has 4 irrelevant references, with a common author Hayder A Alalwan, an Iraq researchers.
This article [1] is about the about the numerical simulation of the mechanical properties of ZnO nano-structures. However, in order to cite those 4 irrelevant references, authors make irrelevant citing statement in the "Introduction" and "Results and Discussions" section of this article [1].
For example, in the "Introduction" section, when discussing the surface effect on the mechanical properties of nano-materials, the authors added an unnecessary statement about the interaction between the surface and the gas molecules, and cited 2 references (Ref 37, 38) both of which were coauthored by Hayder A Alalwan.
In the "Results and Discussions" section, while presenting the results, authors added an unnecessary statement about the material’s application potential, which is irrelevant to the results being discussed by the author, to cite another reference (Ref 50) by Hayder A Alalwan.
Finally, also in the "Results and Discussions" section, authors added an unnecessary statement about the MgO-SiO2, which is irrelevant to the results being discussed by the author, to cite the reference (Ref 53) by Hayder A Alalwan.
The above mentioned irrelevant citing statements were carefully designed, but a common author among those 4 irrelevant references suggests that those references were manipulated.
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